What we recycle

Plastics

Plastics are composed of polymers i.e., compounds made of many small molecules.

Ferrous metals

Ferrous metals, primarily composed of iron, include materials like steel and cast iron, which are commonly found in construction, manufacturing, and transportation.

Non-Ferrous metals

Non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, and titanium, do not contain iron and are valued for their resistance to corrosion and high conductivity.

Paper

Recycled paper is a versatile material that can replace or supplement virgin pulp to create new products like packaging, newspapers, and insulation.

Textiles

Textiles, including both synthetic fibers like polyester and natural fibers like cotton, are integral to daily life, with global production nearly tripling since 1975.

Tyres

Tyres contain multiple valuable materials such as rubber (75%), steel (15%) and textile fibres (10%).

Construction & Demolition

Construction and demolition (C&D) waste includes materials like concrete, bricks, wood, metals, glass, plastics, and hazardous substances such as asbestos.

End-of-life Vehicles

End-of-life Vehicles (ELVs) contain valuable materials like metals (steel, aluminum), plastics, rubber, and glass, as well as batteries.

E-waste

E-waste, otherwise referred to as waste electronical and electronic equipment (WEEE), is mainly composed of non-ferrous metals (nickel, copper, lead, etc.

Ships

End-of-life ships are decommissioned vessels that contain valuable materials like steel, metals, and electronics, along with hazardous substances such as asbestos, oils, and toxic chemicals.

Who we are

Bridging circularity and decarbonisation through an ambitious EU Green Public Procurement (GPP) framework

Executive Summary

Public procurement represents a powerful yet underutilised tool in the EU’s transition towards a climate-neutral, circular economy. Accounting for approximately 14% of the EU GDP – over €2.4 trillion annually, public procurement holds significant potential to influence market demand, shift production patterns, and accelerate the uptake of recycled materials and circular products, thereby contributing to the EU’s climate and circularity goals. 

Despite this potential, the 2014 Public Procurement Directive[1], only provides voluntary guidelines for considering environmental criteria in procurement decisions. This means that public authorities can, but are not obliged to, integrate sustainability criteria. As a result, environmental considerations remain inconsistently applied across Member States, failing to drive meaningful change at scale.

Mandatory Green Public Procurement (GPP) measures that are aligned with the objectives of the European Green Deal, the Clean Industrial Deal, and the ambition to double the Circular Material Use Rate (CMUR) by 2030, are urgently needed. By embedding environmental criteria systematically into procurement decisions, public authorities can:

  • Stimulate demand for recycled materials.
  • Support European industry competitiveness in a decarbonised economy.
  • Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across key sectors.
  • Advance strategic autonomy through resource efficiency.

This position paper explores the application of GPP in six critical sectors: construction, metals, plastics, textiles, tyres, and paper, and outlines practical recommendations to ensure public procurement becomes a true driver of circularity and decarbonisation within the EU Single Market.

[1] European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2024) Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC (Text with EEA relevance)Text with EEA relevance. Available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/24/2024-01-01/eng

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